Answer:
Volcano eruptions have occurred shortly after
earthquakes and they may be linked, but scientists are
still debating the topic. Notably, an Andean volcano
(Cordon Caulle) began erupting 2 days after the
magnitude 9.5 1960 Chile earthquake.
Eruptions of mud volcanoes have occurred in the Andaman
Islands following the recent magnitude 9.0 megathrust
earthquake. Mud volcanoes consist of surface mud
extrusions that vary in size from meters to several
kilometers. They sometimes resemble magmatic volcanoes
in appearance but they generally consist of low lying
mud flows. Mud volcanoes do not involve magma. They
emit mud at significantly cooler temperatures than lava,
well below the ~800 degrees Celsius temperatures that
characterize volcanic eruptions. Eruptions from mud
volcanoes can reach heights of several hundred meters
and consist of mud and sometimes burning hydrocarbon
gasses. They are often associated with gas and oil
fields. Mud volcanoes were known to exist in the Andaman
Islands before the earthquake and in many other regions
of the world.
Deadly mud volcano eruptions are extremely rare because
their eruptions generally do not affect large areas. One
deadly eruption in Bozdagh, Azerbaijan reportedly killed
six shepherds who were camping in the caldera of a mud
volcano and about 2,000 of their sheep.
