Static Electricity and Resistance As mentioned in previous chapter, some elements have loose electrons. Forcing the electrons move around, makes a current be created. Looking at a piece of wire, a small size in a penny scale may contain 1×1012 electrons. Fallowness of electricity in same matters is better than the others. Thickness, length and the material used in wire, determine the resistance. Gauge is another name for thickness. Smaller gauges refer to thicker wires. Wires are made mostly of three kinds of metals, namely copper, Aluminum and steel. Depending to metal used you may expect different resistance. In this context, better conductivity means less resistance. Having a low resistance in compare to many other metals, it is used widely in wires. Meanwhile, metals can act like a heater. When a current passes through an elemental path like a wire, the friction will cause by internal resistance produce heat. The higher resistance, the hotter it can get. Some materials such as plastics have a very low conductivity. Such a property is the reason for rubbers being used as an insulator for covering the wires. Glass, another insulating material is used widely at the end of overhead power lines.    Static Electricity In another form of electricity, instead of current, static form remains in one place. You may experience such as electricity by rubbing a wool textile on your hair or by leaving a rubbed balloon in suspended position. In another experiment you would find that two rubbed balloons reject each other and move apart. The reason for such a reaction is accumulation of extra electrons in both of them, and as you know same polarities repel each other. Height static electricity may have a shocking effect. Every one of us has noticed a spark in darkness up on touching a metallic object. Our body picks up extra electrons whenever we walk across a carpet or wear woolen clothes. What you see is an electricity discharge between our body and the metallic objects. Clouds are a major source of static electricity that by internal friction builds up very high voltages. What happens in a lightening or thunder is a discharge of such high electricity between clouds or earth to clouds.    Static Electricity History Electron name is derived from Greek name describing amber. This fossilized matter, has s property of easily pick up electrons and attracts light particles of dust, straw. Investigating about this effect resulted to finding more materials with similar effect. Rubbing against different materials seemed producing different kind of electricity. Having such a difference, opposite kinds repel each other, while the same kinds have a tendency to get closer to each other.   Later in mid 17 century a concurrent research in America and England Concluded to existence of only kind of electricity which on absence of any knowledge about atoms, referred as sort of fluid. Finding out its everlastingness action of rubbing, just moves these unseen fluid among the rubbed bodies. By redefining, possessing of fluid was referred as positive, absence of it called negative, though in recent days opposite has been proved true. Having a tinge of truth, this theory developed to knowledge of its particles nature, what we call these days' electrons. So in reality objects exchange electrons between each other.