The fairly uniform and accelerating increase of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere, as illustrated by the Mauna Loa record. The secular trend reflects the increase in global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations produced by combustion of fossil fuels, kilning of limestone, and possibly a net biospheric release of carbon dioxide resulting from deforestation.

    Solid fragments of material (such as gravel, sand and mud) originating from the weathering of rocks or as skeletal remains of marine organisms.

    See Environment of deposition.

    Reference : Any rock formed by chemical precipitation or by sedimentation and cementation of mineral grains transported to a site of deposition by water, wind, ice, or gravity. Skinner B.J., S.C.Porter & J.Park (2004), DYNAMIC EARTH, 5th edition, Jon Wiley & Sons.

    Rock formed by the accumulation and consolidation of sediment.

    Regolith particles that have been transported in suspension by water, wind, or ice and then deposited. Reference : Skinner B.J., S.C.Porter & J.Park (2004), DYNAMIC EARTH, 5th edition, Jon Wiley & Sons.

    Standing waves that oscillate back and forth over an open body of water.

    A segment of an active fault zone that has not experienced a major earthquake over a span when most other segments have. Such seg¬ments are probable sites for future major earthquakes. Reference:Tarbouk, E.J. & F.K. Lutgens, (2006), EARTH, 8th edition, Pearson Education International.

    The seismic reflection method works by bouncing sound waves off boundaries between different types of rock. The reflections recorded are plotted as dark lines on a seismic section. A seismic section resembles a geological cross-section, but it still needs to be interpreted.

    A method of viewing the rock structure beneath a blanket of sediment by using strong, low-frequency sound waves that pene¬trate the sediments and reflect off the contacts between rock layers and fault zones. Reference:Tarbouk, E.J. & F.K. Lutgens, (2006), EARTH, 8th edition, Pearson Education International.